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The way in which individuals are taxed depends on whether they are considered a resident in Spain.
When is tax residency assumed?
Tax residency is assumed if the natural person has their habitual residence in Spain, i.e. if they spend more than 183 days in Spain in a calendar year.
Residents are subject to tax on their worldwide income. There are exceptions up to a certain maximum amount for income from employment abroad, provided it is taxed there, and for dividends from non-resident companies.
Non-residents are subject to the Impuesto sobre la Renta de No Residentes, IRNR on their income and capital gains from Spanish sources. The IRNR regulations also apply to legal entities.
As a rule, a fixed tax rate of 24% is applied to gross income without deductions, although there may be bilateral tax treaties between Spain and other countries that affect taxation.
However, there are exceptions for e.g. wealth tax, income tax on rental income and speculation tax, where other tax rates are applied.
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